An Air Handling Unit
(AHU) is used to re-condition and circulate air as part of a heating,
ventilating and air-conditioning system. The basic function of the AHU is to
take in outside air, re-condition it and supply it as fresh air to a building.
All exhaust air is removed, which creates an acceptable indoor air quality.
Depending on the required temperature of the re-conditioned air, the fresh air
is either heated by a recovery unit or heating coil or cooled by a cooling
coil.
So where do we find AIR HANDLING UNITS?
Air handling units,
which usually have the acronym of A.H.U are found in medium to large commercial
and industrial buildings.
They are usually located in the basement, on the
roof or on the floors of a building. AHU’s will serve a specified area or zone
within a building such as the east side, or floors 1 – 10 or perhaps a single
purpose such as just the buildings toilets. Therefore, it’s very common to find
multiple AHU’s around a building.
Some buildings,
particularly old high rise building, will have just one large AHU, usually
located on the roof. These will supply the entire building. They might not have
a return duct, some older designs rely on the air just leaking out of the
building. This design isn’t so common anymore in new buildings because it’s
very inefficient, now its most common to have multiple smaller AHU’s supplying
different zones. The buildings are also more air tight so we need to have a
return duct to regulate the pressure inside the building.
So, what is the purpose
of an air handling unit?
Air handling units’ condition and distribute air within a building. They
take fresh ambient air from outside, clean it, heat it or cool it, maybe
humidify it and then force it through some ductwork around to the designed
areas within a building. Most units will have an additional duct run to then
pull the used dirty air out of the rooms, back to the AHU, where a fan will
discharge it back to atmosphere. Some of this return air might be recirculated
back into the fresh air supply to save energy.
The AHU is used to
control the following parameters of the space:
Temperature
Humidity
Air Movement
Air Cleanliness
There are basically two
types of air handling unit that are in used and they are the
"Draw-Through" or "Blow-Through".
In the Draw-Through type,
the fan pulls the air through the mixing box, filters and cooling coil before
discharging it from the fan outlet to the space to be conditioned or to the
ducting network. The design can be vertical or horizontal. In this case, the
section before the fan has negative pressure.
In the Blow-Through type,
the fan blows the air through the mixing box, filters and cooling coil before
discharging them to the space being conditioned or the ducting system. In this
case, the section after the fan has positive pressure.
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